Each item of the FPI is scored between −2 and +2, to give a total between −12 (highly supinated) and +12 (highly pronated). 12, 13 The FPI evaluates the multi-segmental nature of foot posture in all 3 planes, and it does not require the use of specialized equipment. The FPI is a 6-item clinical assessment tool used to evaluate foot posture with acceptable validity. General characteristics are shown in Table 1. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment. The inclusion criteria were that all participants were healthy, had a foot posture index (FPI) score of 6 to 12, had no ankle injury within the previous 6 months, had no problem during static stance or gait, were considered to have pronation in the navicular drop, and were able to provide written informed consent. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 29 years. Twenty participants were enrolled in the study. One hundred fifty volunteers from the student body of the Vocational School of Health, University of Ankara, were screened for inclusion in the study. It was hypothesized that KT taping would provide support to the medial longitudinal arch but not changed weight bearing or moving the lower extremity load carrying line in people with foot pronation. As such, the aim of this study was to investigate whether KT can affect flat foot, and if so, how well this correction is maintained over the first 24 and 48 hours. 11 This study assessed the effect of KT on the unilateral lower extremity load-bearing line in patients with flat foot using the LASAR posture alignment system. The Laser Assisted Static Alignment Reference (LASAR Otto Bock, Duderstadt, Germany) posture alignment system measures the vertical component of the ground reaction force acting on the force plate of the platform. 1 Weight distribution in the foot can affect load-bearing line for the ankle, knee, and hip however, the effect of KT on the ankle and knee load bearing line has not been studied. 10 Lower medial longitudinal arc reduces the ability to support or distribute body weight, causing unbalanced condition in the body aligment. In addition, KT did not influence foot kinematics and not restrictive effects foot motion. Wang et al 8 showed that KT on flexible flat feet had positive effects in immediately reducing the abnormally increased foot pressure and improving tone and reducing stiffness in the lower extremity muscles, whereas Suarez et al 9 indicated that KT does not correct foot pronation better than sham KT. Kinesio taping has recently become popular for the management of musculoskeletal impairments, including flat foot. It is claimed that KT supports injured muscles and joints and helps to relieve pain by lifting the skin and allowing improved blood and lymph flow. Dr Kenso Kase developed KT techniques in the 1970s. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Kinesio taping is being used more in clinical, rehabilitation, and orthopedic departments. 3, 4, 5 Several studies have shown that traditional taping can be effective in controlling excessive pronation. The effects of flat-foot treatment described by previous studies include improved height of the medial longitudinal arch and improved activity of the lower extremity muscles. 2, 3Īmong the therapeutic interventions for flat foot, taping is a widely used and effective method to reduce foot pronation and abnormally increased lower extremity muscle activity. 1 There have been many clinical interventions to treat flat foot, including surgical correction, muscle strengthening, manual therapy, orthotic management, footwear modifications, and taping. This pathology causes unbalanced alignment and results in conditions including patellar tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, and knee and lower back pain. Lower medial longitudinal arch pathology is associated with soft tissue damage and changes in body weight distribution that result in extrinsic muscle compensation and reduced function. In the majority of cases, there is excessive pronation of the subtalar joint and flatting or lowering of the medial arch of the foot. Foot pronation deformity is a compensation for a soft tissue or osseous deformity.
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